
Overall, we observed 90% survival among all treatments, with the most effective approach being the negative control (100% survival). compared survival outcomes to a group where no post-treatment was performed (negative control).


We tested four different post-blood sampling treatments on the puncture wound: 1. We then anaesthetized using MS-222 and sampled 1 μl/g bw of blood via puncture of the caudal vasculature. In our approach, we housed 80 rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in our flow-through aquatic facility. In addition to evaluating survival following blood sampling, we evaluated the utility of dried blood spots as an alternative for sample processing and storage in the field. The goal of the present study was to determine the impacts of sampling small volumes of blood in larger-bodied fish on survival and healing.

There is global acknowledgment that humane methods in animal research are a priority, but few environmental effects monitoring programs use nonlethal methods for fish. Aquatic Omics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.S Pollard JC Anderson F Bah M Mateus M Sidhu DBD Simmons*
